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How it works
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Just as the feature extraction process is
a closely held secret, the manner in which information is organized
and stored in the template is proprietary to biometric vendors.
Biometric templates are not interoperable – a template generated in
vendor A’s fingerprint system cannot be compared to a template
generated in vendor B’s fingerprint system.
Biometric decision-making is frequently misunderstood.
For the vast majority of technologies and systems, there is no such
thing as a 100% match, though systems can provide a very high degree
of certainty. The biometric decision-making process is comprised of
various components, as indicated below.
Matching - The comparison of biometric templates to determine
their degree of similarity or correlation. A match attempt results
in a score that, in most systems, is compared against a threshold.
If the score exceeds the threshold, the result is a match; if the
score falls below the threshold, the result is a non-match.
Biometric comparisons take place when proprietary algorithms process
biometric templates. These algorithms manipulate the data contained
in the template in order to make valid comparisons, accounting for
variations in placement, background noise, etc. Without the vendor
algorithm, there is no way to compare biometric templates –
comparing the bits which comprise the templates does not indicate if
they came from the same user. The bits must be processed by the
vendor as a precondition of comparison.
The matching process involves the comparison of the match template,
created upon sample submission, with the reference template(s)
already on file. In 1:1 verification systems, there is generally a
single match template matched against a reference template. In 1:N
identification systems, the single match template can be matched
against dozens, thousands, even millions of reference templates.
In most systems, reference and match templates should never be
identical. An identical match is an indicator that some sort of
fraud is taking place, such as the resubmission of an intercepted or
otherwise compromised template
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